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library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
use IEEE.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity my_counter5 is
  port(count: Out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
    clk: in std_logic;
    reset: in std_logic);
  end my_counter5;
 
  architecture behav_my_counter5 of my_counter5 is
 
    signal c : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0) := "00000000";
   
    begin
     
      ctr:
     
      process(clk,reset)
         variable carry : std_logic_vector(7 downto 0) := "00000000";
        begin
         
          if reset'event and(reset = '1') then
            c <= (others => '0');
           
          elsif clk'event and (clk = '1') then
          --i am adding "00000001" to 'c'.
          --this is done using basic logic gates.
          -- the equation for full adder is simplified and written below.
          --full adder equations are:
          -- sum = A xor B xor Carry.
          -- carry = (A and B) or (A and carry) or (B and carry).
          --subsititue B with "00000001" here and you will get the below equations.   
            c(0) <= not c(0);
            carry(0) := c(0);
            c(1)<= c(1) xor carry(0);
            carry(1) := c(1) and carry(0);
            c(2)<= c(2) xor carry(1);
            carry(2) := c(2) and carry(1);
            c(3)<= c(3) xor carry(2);
            carry(3) := c(3) and carry(2);
            c(4)<= c(4) xor carry(3);
            carry(4) := c(4) and carry(3);
            c(5)<= c(5) xor carry(4);
            carry(5) := c(5) and carry(4);
            c(6)<= c(6) xor carry(5);
            carry(6) := c(6) and carry(5);
            c(7)<= c(7) xor carry(6);
            carry(7) := c(7) and carry(6);

          end if;
         
        end process;
       
         count <= c;
         
         end behav_my_counter5;

Hi there, can someone please explain this whole coding to me? I don't really understand what's going on with it. As I only get to know this VHDL coding a month ago without anyone's help. Thanks alot!

An assignment I guess?

It is a binary added implemented the hard way... to make it add 5, try changing

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c(2)<= c(2) xor carry(1);
carry(2) := c(2) and carry(1);


to

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c(2)<= c(2) xor carry(1) xor '1';
carry(2) := c(2) or carry(1);


just try to work out how to explain it to the tutor....

Hi, Thanks for helping. Am I suppose to change one of it or all of it?

Why don't you give both a try and see?

It might be a learning experience...

Hi again. Yea, I trying.

But before that, I don't understand those coding & I can't proceed with it.
I need to know what each line does, then I can understand the coding.

c(0) <= not c(0);
carry(0) := c(0);
c(1)<= c(1) xor carry(0);
carry(1) := c(1) and carry(0);
c(2)<= c(2) xor carry(1) xor '1';
carry(2) := c(2) and carry(1);
c(3)<= c(3) xor carry(2);
carry(3) := c(3) and carry(2);
c(4)<= c(4) xor carry(3);
carry(4) := c(4) and carry(3);
c(5)<= c(5) xor carry(4);
carry(5) := c(5) and carry(4);
c(6)<= c(6) xor carry(5);
carry(6) := c(6) and carry(5);
c(7)<= c(7) xor carry(6);
carry(7) := c(7) and carry(6);

Close but you should have

carry(2) := c(2) or carry(1);

where you have

carry(2) := c(2) and carry(1);

Full explanation... you have a number consisting of 8 bits, and you want to add 5 to it.

00001111 <= this is 'C(7 downto 0)', in this case 15 in binary
00000101 <= this is what you are adding, 5 in binary.
========
????????

We are always adding 5, so we can make life simple.
First, flip c(0) (line 1)

00001111 <= this is 'C(7 downto 0)'
00000101 <= this is what you are adding.
========
???????0

If bit 0 was set then you have to carry one to the c(1) column, which is held in carry(0) . So carry(0) is now set to 1. (line 2)

Line three says if c(1) is set, or carry(0) is set, but not both, then c(1) should be set to 1.
???????0 <= this is Carry(7 downto 0)
00001111 <= this is 'C(7 downto 0)'
00000101
========
??????01

Line four says "if carry(0) was 1, and c(1) was 1, then we have to set carry(1) to 1"... and so on and so on..

Draw it on math paper, in pencil and step through it like by line. It will all become clear (I hope!)

Hi, Thanks! I guess it help me to understand clearly. If I don't understand can I ask ?

Hi again. Let's say, if I only want to count from 0000 0000 to 0000 1111 right, what am I suppose to do to the coding? My currently one will keep on count up and so on ..

Easy - either don't do anything to c(4), c(5), c(6) or c(7) , or always set carry(3) to '0'.

Thanks.

I still not quite understand one of the coding

c(0) <= not c(0); - why we need this?
carry(0) := c(0); - does this means the value in c(0) is carry over to carry (0) ?

"c(0) <= not c(0)" is a simplification of "c(0) <= c(0) xor '1';" - it's the thing that is actually adding '1' to bit 0.

carry(0) = c(0) is also a simplification, this time of "carry(0) <= c(0) and '1'"

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      c(0) <= not c(0);
      carry(0) := c(0);

                c(1) <= c(1) xor carry(0);
      carry(1) := c(1) and carry(0);
            
      c(2)<= c(2) xor carry(1);
      carry(2) := c(2) and carry(1);

Hi, I could get the waveform from 00000000, 00000001, 000000010, 00000011.
But I don't understand how it get with the coding above. I understand the first 2 lines.
But from 3rd lines onwards, I couldn't understand.

When i work out, I get c(1) = '1' - 00000010
carry(1) = '1' - 00000010

c(2) = '1' - 00000100
carry(2) = '1' 00000100

Is this the correct way of doing?