Hi,
They are non-standard extensions for Synopsys tools.
- "full_case" asserts that at least one of the cases is always true (otherwise, we don't care). It's used to avoid latches. It's roughly the same as "default: output = 'bX;"
- "parallel_case" asserts that no more than one case is ever true (otherwise, we don't care). It's used to simplify logic for "one hot" encoding.
The trouble is: they're not standard, they're not necessary, and they can make synthesis and simulation behave differently.
You might find this interesting ->
http://kunalvyas.com/Documents/fullcase%20and%20parallel%20case.pdf
Nick